Who’s Most at Risk for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?

Not everyone is equally prone to Seasonal Affective Disorder. Certain groups of people are more likely to experience SAD, often due to a combination of environmental, biological, and lifestyle factors. Here’s a closer look at who’s most susceptible to SAD and why.

1. People in Northern Latitudes

SAD rates are higher among people living in high-latitude regions, like northern parts of Europe, the U.S., and Canada. Shorter daylight hours in winter disrupt the body’s circadian rhythm, leading to mood shifts.

2. Women and SAD

Women are about four times more likely than men to experience SAD. Hormonal factors, including fluctuations in serotonin, may contribute to increased vulnerability among women. They’re also more likely to experience intense fatigue and cravings during winter months.

3. Individuals with a Family History of Depression

Those with a family history of depression or mood disorders may have a genetic predisposition to SAD. Genetics can influence how the brain regulates serotonin, making some individuals more sensitive to seasonal light changes.

4. Younger Adults and Teens

SAD often appears in younger adults and teens, likely because their brains are still developing mood-regulation mechanisms. With school, work, and social activities impacted by early darkness and cold weather, this age group is particularly affected.

5. High-Stress Lifestyles

People experiencing high stress are also at increased risk for SAD. Stress can strain the nervous system, making it harder to handle seasonal changes. This is particularly true in fall and winter when darker, colder days can amplify stress.

Conclusion

SAD is more likely to affect individuals in specific demographics, including women, young adults, those with a family history of depression, and people living in northern regions. Recognizing these risk factors can help at-risk individuals seek preventive care, making it possible to face the winter months with more resilience and well-being.